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Robert Ashley (March 28, 1930 – March 3, 2014) was an American composer, who was best known for his operas and other theatrical works, many of which incorporate electronics and extended techniques. ==Life and career== Ashley was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He studied at the University of Michigan with Ross Lee Finney, at the Manhattan School of Music, and was later a musician in the US Army. After moving back to Michigan, Ashley worked at the University of Michigan's Speech Research Laboratories. Although he was not officially a student in the acoustic research program there, he was offered the chance to obtain a doctorate, but turned it down to pursue his music.〔 From 1961 to 1969, he organised the ONCE Festival in Ann Arbor with Roger Reynolds, Gordon Mumma, and other local composers and artists. He was a co-founder of the ONCE Group, as well as a member of the Sonic Arts Union, which also included David Behrman, Alvin Lucier, and Gordon Mumma. In 1969 he became director of the San Francisco Tape Music Center. In the 1970s he directed the Mills College Center for Contemporary Music. His notable students include Maggi Payne. The majority of Ashley's recordings have been released by Lovely Music,〔http://www.lovely.com〕 which was founded by Performing Artservices,〔http://www.artservices.org〕 the not-for-profit management organization which represents Ashley and other artists. Since he first came to prominence, Ashley was indelibly linked to the performance of his pieces, particularly through the use of his voice in such works as ''Automatic Writing'' and ''Perfect Lives''. Starting in the 1980s, he formed a band that lasted for decades, consisting of himself, Sam Ashley, Joan LaBarbara, Thomas Buckner, and Jacqueline Humbert as vocalists and Tom Hamilton on electronics. In the final years of his life, Ashley’s work was newly taken up by other performers. Notable interpreters have included the electronic duo Matmos, who’ve repeatedly performed their arrangements of episodes from ''Perfect Lives'',〔http://www.afterfm.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/content.detail/contentID/14/pageTitle/Matmos〕 Object Collection, who premiered a stage version of ''Automatic Writing'' in 2011,〔http://www.objectcollection.us/projects/automatic-writing/〕 Varispeed (band), who’ve presented various site-specific, day-long arrangements of ''Perfect Lives'' since 2011,〔http://www.varispeedcollective.com/about/〕 and Alex Waterman, who spearheaded a new Spanish-language version of ''Perfect Lives'' entitled ''Vidas Perfectas'', performing the piece around the world and producing a new video realization as well.〔http://www.vidasperfectas.org/about〕 In 2011, Ashley’s 1967 opera ''That Morning Thing'' was restaged as part of the Performa Biennial, with direction from Fast Forward. In 2014, shortly after his death, the Whitney Biennial presented three of Ashley's operas - ''Vidas Perfectas'', ''The Trial...'', both directed by Alex Waterman, and ''Crash'', the opera he finished only three months before he died.〔http://www.robertashley.org/events/2014whitneybiennial.htm〕 He had one son, Sam, from his first marriage to Mary Tsaltas. In 1979, he married his second wife, Mimi Johnson.〔http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/07/arts/music/robert-ashley-opera-composer-who-painted-outside-the-lines-dies-at-83.html?_r=0〕 He died at his home in Manhattan on March 3, 2014 from liver disease at the age of 83.〔()〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Robert Ashley」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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